Computers in Modern Manufacturing

COMPUTERS IN MODERN MANUFCTURING INTRODUCTION: Computers play invaluable role in modern manufacturing. In fact, nearly all modern manufacturing support systems are implemented using computer systems through automation. It reduces manual work in manufacturing and production. Computer Integrated Manufacturing(CIM) is the terminology used to describe the complete automation of a manufacturing plant. CIM involves integrating the functions of designing products, production planning, operational control and business-related functions in one system that operates throughout the enterprise.All of the processes function under computer control. Digital information ties them altogether. The different computer controlled processes are as follows: -aided design , computer-aided manufacturing CAD/CAM: The heart of CIM is CAD/CAM. Computer-aided design(CAD) denotes the use of computer systems to support the product design function. Using CAD, it is possible to simulate in three dimensions the moveme nt of a part through a production process.Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) denotes the use of computer systems to perform functions related to manufacturing engineering, such as process planning and numerical control(NC) part programming. Some computer systems perform both CAD and CAM, and so the term CAD/CAM is used to indicate the integration of the two into one system. CAD/CAM is concerned with the engineering functions in both design and manufacturing. The method of manufacturing a product is a direct function of its design.Through CAD/CAM technology, it is possible to establish a direct link between product design and manufacturing engineering. They have together overcome traditional NC shortcomings in expense, ease of use, and speed by enabling the design and manufacture of a part to be undertaken using the same data encoding system. CAD/CAM has also given the designer much more direct control over the manufacturing process. ADVANTAGES: CAD/CAM enables manufacturers to reduc e the costs of producing goods by minimizing the involvement of human operators.They enable manufacturers to make quick alterations to the product design and obtain instant results. Also there is no risk of human(repetitive) error. This finally results in lower operational costs, lower end product prices and increased profits for manufacturers. CAD/CAM systems also facilitate communication among those involved in design, manufacturing, and other processes. This is of particular importance when one firm contracts another to either design or produce a component.DISADVANTAGES: There are no means of comprehending real-world concepts in CAD systems, such as the nature of the object being designed or the function that object will serve. CAD systems function by their capacity to codify geometrical concepts. Thus the design process using CAD involves transferring a designer's idea into a formal geometrical model. Thus CAD cannot build the exact design as it is on the designer’s mind. Also, there are several limitations of CAM. Setting up of infrastructure to begin with is very expensive.CAM requires not only NC machine tools themselves but also an extensive software and hardware to develop the design models and convert them into manufacturing instructions. The output from the CAM software is usually a simple text file of G-code, sometimes many thousands of commands long, that is then transferred to a machine tool using a direct numerical control (DNC) program. CAM packages still cannot reason like a machinist. The field of computer-aided management is fraught with inconsistency.While all numerical controlled machine tools operate using G-code, there is no universally used standard for the code itself. CAD systems tend to store data in their own proprietary format, so it can often be a challenge to transfer data from CAD to CAM software. There are some problems with CIM also. Existing equipment and software may be incompatible with each other leading to expensiv e updates or replacements. Extensive programming may also be required to produce optimal schedules and part sequence.CAE: Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) systems are very useful systems for engineering area. Integrated or independent CAE systems are used by design engineers and specialists. Computer simulation is very significant tool for designers. The reason is to understand to the behaviour of the technical systems before their prototype production. Therefore many analytical programmes have been created in the last thirty years for engineering area. These programmes are entitled as Computer Aided Engineering (CAE).UTILISATION OF CAD/CAM SYSTEMS PRO/ENGINEER: Pro/ENGINEER is full parameter 3D graphic CAD/CAM system, determined mainly for general manufacture engineering and for automation of design engineering. With graphical system Pro/ENGINEER is able to create fully, unambiguous and accurately spaced model of solid body simply and quickly. CONCLUSION: Utilisation of CAD/CAM sys tems is highly effective because it enables to reduce the process development time and the introduction of a new product in the market in a large scale. Recent technical developments have fundamentally impacted the utility of CAD/CAM systems.For example, the everincreasing processing power of personal computers has given them viability as a vehicle for CAD/CAM application. Another important development is the establishment of a single CAD-CAM standard, so that different data packages can be exchanged without manufacturing and delivery delays.REFERENCES: 1. Groover, M. P. : Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing. USA, January 2000, Prentice Hall 2. Paper on Design for Engineering Unit # 6 Research and Development Annette Beattie August 10, 2006 3. www. wikipedia. com

Aquinas on Conscience Essay

For Aquinas. scruples is the act of using our cognition of good and evil to what we do ( or might make ) . So in order to ( of course ) know what is a good action or bad one. one needs to understand how things are of course ordered by God — chiefly what human nature is and what things it needs and deserves. This order which dictates what is good or evil behavior is called the Natural Law by Aquinas. God can and does besides preternaturally uncover what is and is non in conformity with his will. e. g. the Ten Commandments and Christ’s Two Great Commandments. One besides needs to use this cognition to what one does. and so one needs to be free to move in conformity with what one knows to be the Divine order of things. or non. Our scruples is our realisation that what we might make or hold done is good or non. but it is non the existent making or the choosing. On a proficient note. for Aquinas scruples is the act of understanding what is right and incorrect. though the name may be applied by extension to a wont or power of executing this act of understanding. The virtuousness of doing right judgements about right or incorrect. i. e. appropriate exercisings of scruples is called prudence. The ground that this is of import is that one can non make the right thing if one does non cognize what the right thing is. So. if person has jobs with their scruples. it does non look appropriate to fault them. Children do non hold to the full formed scrupless. and do non ever understand what the right thing to make is. If a kid does incorrect because he or she didn’t know any better. or because he or she thought it was the right thing to make. we do non ( or should non ) incrimination and penalize him or her. Aquinas hence believes that non merely is one excused from wrongdoing if one’s scruples is in mistake. one besides is bound to make the incorrect thing if one’s scruples tells one that it is the Right thing to make. He besides believes that one has a responsibility to hold a grammatical scruples. one that knows what the right thing to make is. Even though an earring witting alibis one from making incorrect. one may hold done incorrect in allowing one’s scruples autumn into mistake.

Outside Speech Assignment Essay

After I watched the speech which was gave by Bill Gates in June 08, 2007 on the Harvard commencement, I felt more interesting in Bill Gates. According to the information offered by woopidoo. com, we can find the Biography of Bill Gates, which said, â€Å"Bill Gates is one of the most influential people in the world. He is cofounder of one of the most recognized brands in the computer industry with nearly every desk top computer using at least one software program from Microsoft. Bill Gates is the richest man in the world and has held the number one position for many years. Gates was born and grew up in Seattle, Washington USA. His father, William H. Gates II was a Seattle attorney and his mother, Mary Maxwell Gates was a school teacher and chairperson of the United Way charity. Gates and his two sisters had a comfortable upbringing, with Gates being able to attend the exclusive secondary â€Å"Lakeside School†. Bill Gates started studying at Harvard University in 1973 where he spent time with Paul Allen. Gates and Allen worked on a version of the programming language BASIC, which was the basis for the MITS Altair (the first microcomputer available). He did not go on to graduate from Harvard University as he left in his junior year to start what was to become the largest computer software company in the world; Microsoft Corporation. † 30 years later since Gates left Harvard; Gates came back to Harvard and gave a speech to those students who were graduated from Harvard. The reason why Bill Gates gave this speech is that he wanted to deliver what he had thought about a successful person should do to the world after graduated from school. His topics were appropriate for the audience, because the audience were all students who graduated from Harvard. Also, his topics were appropriate for the occasion, because it was Harvard commencement Day. For the general purpose of this speech, it was the special occasion speech, because this speech was a presentation that highlights a special event. The special event was the Harvard commencement. For the mode of delivery for this speech, I think it should be the manuscript mode, because during Bill Gates were giving the speech; he looked down on the speech table. Bill Gates used his voice effectively. He adjusted his rate very well. He did not speak very fast so that everyone there can get what he said. Also, he used pause for effect, such as when he said, I’ve been waiting more than 30 years to say this: â€Å"Dad, I always told you I’d come back and get my degree. † Between â€Å"to say this† and â€Å"Dad† he used a pause, so that audience would think about what would he going to say. And it made the speech more interesting. Also, he used duration for attention, pitch for expression, volume for emphasis, enunciation for clarity and fluency for fluidity during his speech. He spoke clearly and smoothly, so that everyone could understand what he was talking about. Bill Gates used eye contact to hold audience attention, because he would look at audience usually, not kept reading his manuscript all the time. He did not use facial expression a lot, but audience still could see him smiling sometimes. Thus, for the delivery part, I think Bill Gates did very well. He gave the speech by using a manuscript; however, he gave the speech without kept reading the manuscript all the time. He used voice to get audiences’ attention; he used eye contact to kept audiences’ attention. And everything he talked was clear and smooth. For the speech organization, Bill Gates used a very good attention getter by saying, â€Å"I’ve been waiting more than 30 years to say this: â€Å"Dad, I always told you I’d come back and get my degree. â€Å"I want to thank Harvard for this timely honor. I’ll be changing my job next year†¦and it will be nice to finally have a college degree on my resume. But I also want to be recognized as the guy who got Steve Ballmer to drop out of business school. I’m a bad influence. That’s why I was invited to speak at your graduation. If I had spoken at your orientation, fewer of you might be here today. I applaud the graduates today for taking a much more direct route to your degrees. For my part, I’m just happy that the Crimson has called me â€Å"Harvard’s most successful dropout. † I guess that makes me valedictorian of my own special class†¦I did the best of everyone who failed. † These were part of the manuscript I found from networkworld. com. After his introduction, he began to recall his school life when he was studying in the Harvard. By telling his story, he told audience how he began his business. After his business, he talked about what he had thought about during the 30 years. Then, his main point came out: â€Å"In your years here, I hope you’ve had a chance to think about how–in this age of accelerating technology–we can finally take on these inequities, and we can solve them. † Then, Bill Gates gave an example for the inequities: there were millions of children were dying from poverty and disease. Then, Gates started talked about how to help these children from dying, â€Å"If we can find approaches that meet the needs of the poor in ways that generate profits for business and votes for politicians, we will have found a sustainable way to reduce inequity in the world. This task is open-ended. It can never be finished. But a conscious effort to answer this challenge will change the world. We can make market forces work better for the poor if we can develop a more creative capitalism? If we can stretch the reach of market forces so that more people can make a profit, or at least make a living, serving people who are suffering from the worst inequities. We also can press governments around the world to spend taxpayer money in ways that better reflect the values of the people who pay the taxes. At the last, he gave the conclusion by calling action, â€Å"Knowing what you know, how could you not? And I hope you will come back here to Harvard 30 years from now and reflect on what you have done with your talent and your energy. I hope you will judge yourselves not on your professional accomplishments alone, but also on how well you have addressed the world’s deepest inequities †¦ on how well you treated people a world away who have nothing in common with you but their humanity. † I think the organization of Bill’s speech was very good, because everything was included and nothing was unnecessary. For the materials to support the speech, Bill Gates used the AIDS as an example, â€Å"The broad goal, of course, is to end the disease. The highest-leverage approach is prevention. The ideal technology would be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single dose. So governments, drug companies, and foundations fund vaccine research. But their work is likely to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what we have in hand–and the best prevention approach we have now is getting people to avoid risky behavior. Pursuing that goal starts the four-step cycle again. This is the pattern. The crucial thing is to never stop thinking and working–and never do what we did with malaria and tuberculosis in the 20th century–which is to surrender to complexity and quit. The final step–after seeing the problem and finding an approach–is to measure the impact of your work and share your successes and failures so that others learn from your efforts. † This example told people how to help those people who were suffering from disease. Also it told people to solve the problem when they met. The audiences were responded lively. When Bill Gates stood on the stage, all the people stood and began to clap. When Bill Gates used humor to deliver his points, audiences would laugh or clap. When Bill Gates was talking, the audience would be silence. It showed that the speech was interesting and meaningful that they would like to listen. Also, they showed the respect to the people who were the richest one in the world. After I watched the video, I think Bill Gates did very well on his speech. He gave an interesting and meaningful speech to people. He let people laugh; at the same time, he let people think.

Summary of Psychiatric Journal Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summary of Psychiatric Journal - Article Example The researchers make an extensive review of the literature on hourly rounds of nurses and seek to apply its positive outcomes to mental healthcare settings as well. The researchers take special efforts to distinguish hourly rounds from frequent checks by the nurses; the latter simply seeks to ensure patient safety while hourly rounds aim at establishing a â€Å"one-to-one verbal interaction to evaluate a patient’s comfort and needs† (Moran et al, 2011, p. 23). The researchers seek to measure the outcome or success of hourly nursing rounds by analyzing patient satisfaction scores, the variance in the number of patient requests at the nurses’ station as well as the number of complaints made by patents (Moran et al, 2011, p. 24).  The pilot study emphasizes that both patients and nurses benefitted from hourly rounds on psychiatric wards. The findings reveal that hourly rounds not only equip nurses to better identify individual problems of patients but also has a d ramatic positive impact on patient satisfaction levels. The article clearly demonstrates how hourly rounds brought about remarkable changes in all pilot units: the overall patient satisfaction improved considerably while there had been a significant decrease in the requests made by patients at the nurses’ stations (Moran et al, 2011, p. 25).  The conclusions are drawn from the pilot study display the positive impact of hourly nursing rounds in mental health inpatient settings. The results of the study show that hourly nursing rounds increase patients’ satisfaction, nurses’ prompt responses to patient requests, and result in greater sharing of nurses’ information about medications† (Moran et al, 2011, p. 26). However, the study also emphasizes that hourly round methods need to vary from unit to unit depending on the needs and requirements of patients.  

Interaction with other professions and how it has informed my Essay

Interaction with other professions and how it has informed my understanding of inter-proffesional care and my practice in relati - Essay Example During my practice, I received input from fellow nursing student. However, I have also received numerous inputs from the wards, OTs and the Physiotherapy. This reflective essay focuses my interactions with other professions, how the interactions have informed my understanding of inter-professional care and my practice in relation to patient centeredness. The case I will reflect on involved an elderly female patient who was living alone. She was admitted into the hospital after she fell at home. Because of the fall, the patient had limited mobility. For diagnosis, she underwent an x-ray. The x-ray revealed extensive damage on the knee. However, the damage had not resulted from the fall but was due to severe arthritis. She was not going to be considered for a knee replacement mainly due to her age. After checking on the family background, it was unfortunate that the lady had alienated her family and completely severed all contact. Additonally, the lady had no contact with her neighbors and had live most of her old age life alone relying on herself. She had bad relations even with members of the society. The bad relations with other people could be attributable to her character. This is because the old lady is prone to making accusations against all the people she meets. The lady wished to return to her home. Therefore, the Occupational Therapist (OT) had to do a home assessment to ensure that the environment was appropriate. After the assessment, the OT felt that there was need for a significant clear out of the lady’s home. This is because the lady would have to use a pulpit for mobility purposes. The device is quite large and the lady would have to live in the living room. Although the lady insisted on being left to go back to her residence, I felt that such an arrangement would not function appropriately for a long period, since she had no relations. The OT had another challenge. Nobody was willing to help in the clearing out the house since the lady ha d severed all the relation she ever had. Moreover, the physical condition she was in could not allow her to do the clearing since she needed to use a wheelchair, which she had not yet received. The only solution was for the patient to employ a solicitor and give him the power of an attorney to oversee the implementation of all the needed changes. Another problem that the OT had noticed was the nonfunctional fire alarm in the lady’s home. When she told me about it, I suggested for a complete fire inspection by the local fire brigade. After the inspection, the fire brigade put the patient’s name in the register of the vulnerable people and those with mobility issues. Although the OT wanted us to get the lady a personal alarm, it was impossible at that moment since the three people in the community were required to be used as contact. However, no one was willing to be involved with anything to do with the old lady. Therefore, the OT suggested a small mobile house phone th at could be carried with the pocket. Following my interaction with the OT, the old sick lady, the community and other different professions, I was able to understand the significance of interactions between nurses

Analysis of Walmart leadership Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Analysis of Walmart leadership - Research Paper Example It mostly answers the question why, with an aim of helping the researcher identify the main issues to be tackled in the study. This method will be used in the study to try to understand why leadership is vital for the success of any business. To answer the why questions, you must first develop a causal explanation (Becker & Schram, 1994). Causal explanations mainly state that phenomenon Y (success of a business) is affected by element X (leadership style) (Cooley, 1978). Although some causal relationships tend to be simple, others are more complex. For example, we might state or argue that the transformational leadership at Walmart has a direct effect on its (Walmart) success. This method lays ground for us to do more future research and studies on the same topic. A qualitative method was adopted for the study with an aim of achieving an in depth understanding of the situation (Berg, Lune, & Lune, 2004). This method includes designs, techniques and measures that do not produce discrete numerical data. The data can be collected through direct observation or interviews. This method of research will help us know how (process) and why (the meaning) things happen. This method is flexible and informal, hence preferred since it is also suitable for small samples. Some of the ways used to carry out qualitative methodology include participant observation, direct observation, case studies and unstructured interviews. The method can also help us generate theory from the data i.e. a theory grounded in the data. Questionnaires with open ended questions will be administered to various departments in the firm to enable me to obtain maximum information and interact with various views of the members. Direct observation of the firm’s daily activities will be conducted to get a glimpse of what daily routine leads to such success. These primary sources are

Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 9

Management - Assignment Example 2. I agree that possibly unethical behavior in companies is not essentially for personal gain because there are cases where businesses sought to protect or help its employees, clients, or community. Carol Dweck’s research does influences greatly the point of unethical behavior for personal gain by companies (Gladwell, 2013). If a company considered corporate and social responsible paints itself into a corner, unethical behavior may be among its options to secure its employees or community. However, such companies often behave unethically to secure their financial or personal interests, which Gladwell can consider â€Å"human and corporate nature† (Gladwell, 2013). 3. Financial leverage is the level an organization applies fixed-income interests like debt and ideal equity (Monczka, Handfield, Giunipero, and Patterson 2011). Benefits of financial leverage include the amplification of shareholder returns, more flows of liquid assets, seized economies of scale, and enhancing credit rating. The risks of financial leverage include the volatility of any business investment vulnerable to consumer preference towards its commodities or services and the requirement of adequate returns that make up for the extra risk involved when the company borrow finances that ultimately should be paid back (Monczka et al., 2011). 4. Banks have a low ROA since it is a rule of thumb for venture experts to view non-financial institutions’ ROA be below 5%, which the exception of financial or credit institutions. Banks always struggle for an ROA of 1.5% or more since their key assets are loans to companies or individuals (Monczka et al., 2011). To give out these loans, banks ought to have large pools of liquid assets that also serve as the bank’s source of revenue. Banks are highly advantaged with borrowed finances with a small equity base, which amplifies their ROE (Monczka et al., 2011). 1. The main conditions I would consider single-sourcing an

Overview of Sex Offender Registration - Effective or Not Research Paper

Overview of Sex Offender Registration - Effective or Not - Research Paper Example Police investigation revealed that the convicted person was a sex offender and was a nearby neighbor of Megan (Douglas, Burgess, Burgess & Ressler, 2006). Nevertheless, the parents of Megan had no information about the fact that their neighbor is a sex offender and how dangerous he can be to their family. This heated a great debate and eventually Megan’s law came onto the scene, which required States to put this information of sex offenders available to public so that people can ensure their safety (Tilley, 2009). Despite the fact that these registration polices vary amongst different states, however, the primary goal remains the same, avoidance of sexual violence or crime and prevention of sexual re-offending by these former offenders (Wright, 2009). This paper would try to compare to Sex Offender Registration policies in California and Massachusetts. California had implemented these policies in 1947 and Massachusetts was the last state to implement these policies in the last years of 1990s (Douglas et al., 2006). Moreover, in the light of the policies at these two states, many others elements concerning the effectiveness of this system would also come under discussion. Sex Offender Registration laws require offender to register with the local state authority and supply crucial information like name, address, employment details, and others. In most cases, the offender has to register right after his or her release from the prison or in the initial of days of community supervision (Holmes & Holmes, 2008). Since 1996, most of the states have put this information online for public viewing including California and Massachusetts (Brown, 2005). As mentioned earlier, all the states have laws regarding sex offender registration that vary greatly. Differences start arising from the information required for registration. Both these states ask for name, aliases, photo, fingerprints, description of offences, location of offences,

Constructing Gender through Body Customization Essay - 1

Constructing Gender through Body Customization - Essay Example The same goes for me as I try to combine different styles of clothing along with different accessories. The way we dress portrays our self-identity and thus when we choose a dressing style we have control over the way we want to present our personality. Moreover, my dressing style has impact on my emotions. For instance, I prefer to wear light color clothes as they keep me calm while tight-fitting clothes make me uncomfortable and impatient. 1. It is a fact that the way a person dresses and adorns their body reflects the personal beliefs of that person. In society, the personality of a person is manifested in their dressing sense and it helps other people to characterize them by interpreting their behavior and attitude, and this becomes significant in the context of social gatherings. It has become a practice to stereotype people according to their dress like those who are well-dressed are considered as happy, optimistic, outgoing, and financially affluent (Sanders, 2009, p.1). When I reflect on my personal beliefs I realize that they get reflected in the way I dress. My casual attitude consists of leggings and cool t-shirts along with natural makeup that indicates my belief that everyone looks best with physical features with which they were born. Therefore I refrain from coloring my hair or having tattoos on my body. I also do not generally apply heavy makeup on my eyes with bright colors of eyeshadow as I believe that takes away the natural look of my facial features. A stranger will most probably consider me as a laid-back person with a casual sense of fashion. 2. The core beliefs and values of my family lay in their broad minded perspective of modern day fashion. The elder members of my family are aware of changing trends in fashion and they do not usually provide unsolicited advice to the younger generation. However, the young people of my family do not indulge in vulgar dressing styles and try to

BUS599 - Integrative Project, Mod 1 Case Assignment Essay

BUS599 - Integrative Project, Mod 1 Case Assignment - Essay Example They have a well stretched network covering almost places in North America and United Kingdom housed just there. The company faced great success during its tenure over the past couple of years which was result of great devotion and dedication of a hardworking staff and consistently managing high standards of quality at a fairly acceptable price. Organic food is eco friendly and plays its part to reduce pollution as well as save water and mineral soil. It also helps in maintaining your health and provides a safe and nutritional food intake leading to a healthy digestive tract therefore this approach has led to the consumption of organic and natural food thereby increasing the sales of whole foods which is a great competitor for all others organic and natural foods in the mainstream market (Staff, 2012). Whole foods market has maintained its standard and has influenced the mindsets of many by diverting them towards nutrition filled healthy food. They are well known for their freshness a good example of their maintaining quality is that even the flowers they are selling are fresh and their scent can be smelt as soon as one enters their store. Another example of how they have revolutionized the conventional style of growing banana's; they have converted it to a proper science by studying the change of colors to deal with it life cycle yet maintaining its freshness. They sell everything fresh without any delay in delivering the food from the farms to the markets. Even their packed ready to go meals are really fresh (Lindstrom, 2011). The mission of whole foods market is to provide their customers with a hustle free shopping experience, to play its part in helping and caring about the community and preservation of nature, they intend to develop good habits of eating and enlightens through education to all its stakeholders, provide healthy and good quality of organic foods and developing continuing win-win deals or partner based relation with their providers. The core values of whole foods market are primarily based on five main components: firstly standard quality and their ongoing efforts to carry on with them. Secondly, to produce only organic form of food without any harmful chemicals used. Thirdly, producing ecologically certified sea food, which has "Responsibly Farmed" label which clearly indicates that it’s the highest quality which restricts use of growth developing hormones, antibiotics etc. to ensure good standards. Fourth is that they couldn’t compromise on quality by using proper breeding techniques and not incorporating such harmful methods which tend to be inorganic. Lastly, they are firm believers in community service leading to prosperity and happiness by changing lives globally (Drell, 2012). The important information related to the shares of whole foods market is described here, industry capital is $k 16,923,590 whereas the arrears remaining on shares are $k 185,520, those internal stakeholders are 8.8% and insti tutes which are stakeholders are 79.98%. It was observed that the return and growth in percentage fluctuated the following ways (it should be kept in mind that it is the percent change) the return for the first year was 14.76% and the fifth year growth by the generated revenue was 77.48%. The third year return was 84.23% and the growth in the five year earning tenure became 96.15%. It is surprising that the fifth year for the return became 156.13%

Essay Plan for Job Specialisation Essay Example for Free

Essay Plan for Job Specialisation Essay Job specialization is basically a job or process that is comprised of a small different parts of a larger task or process. (Williams McWilliams 2010) Purposes : To understand the phrase of â€Å"job specialisation† in detail, how job specialisation is use in job design as well as how specialized jobs can be adapted to get rid of the boredom and low job satisfaction by applying Job Characteristic model. Body paragraph First paragraph Job specialisation is economical and can always accomplish as well as regularly learn about technical development and opportunities through jobs. (An-Tien,H,Hui-Yu, C 2004,) From the modern high – tech industry, job specialisation has demonstrate that there is a clear – cut relationship with task variety, autonomy, identity and feedback. (An-Tien,H, Hui-Yu, C 2004,) Second paragraph Reason why job specialisation uses job design is because it helps to motivate, give satisfaction and performance towards its job as well as making its working condition of a workplace into a broader scope. (Fahr, R 2011) Third paragraph Specialised job can be modified with the help of five strong core job characteristics which in result which the workers have to experience the three critical psychological states, that will then motivates the personal and work outcomes. (DeVao, J, Li, R, Brookshire, D 2007) Conclusion Job specialisation is an important factor for a company if they want to eliminate boredom and low job satisfaction. However for it to be success, they would also need the help of job design and job characteristics model. (242 words) References An-Tien, H, Hui-Yu, C 2004, A reassessment of the relationship between job specialization, job rotation and job burnout: example of Taiwans high-technology industry, International Journal Of Human Resource Management, 15, 6, pp. 1108-1123. DeVao, J, Li, R, Brookshire, D 2007, ‘Analysing the job characteristics model: new support from a cross-section of establishments’, International Journal Of Human Resource Management, 18, 6, pp. 986-1003. Fahr, R 2011, ‘Job Design and Job Satisfaction – Empirical Evidence for Germany?’,Management Revue, 22, 1, pp. 28-48. Williams, C McWilliams, A 2010, MGMT, Asia Pacific Edition Cengage Learning, Melbourne.

Sonnys Blues Essay Example for Free

Sonnys Blues Essay James Baldwins fictional story, Sonnys Blues, is a short tale between two brothers who grew up in Harlem a place where drugs are known to destroy lives of many young people. The narrators brother, Sonny, is one of those young people addicted to drugs and the narrator got the news that his brother was imprisoned for illegal possession of heroin. Even though the narrator became worried about his brothers bleak future because of drug addiction, the narrator did not reconcile with his brother until the death of his daughter. With this turn of events, the narrator reunited with his brother through letters and finally upon Sonnys freedom from prison. The narrator remembered his mothers last will for him to take care and look after his younger brother, which he was not able to do. This memory and their conversations helped the narrator understand Sonnys perception of life. Even though he and Sonny were very different, the narrator finally understood Sonny as he played his jazz music that described his deep emotions and blues (Baldwin 1-25). Character The narrator is Sonnys unnamed older brother who is a high school teacher in Harlem. His character is very much the opposite of Sonnys. Despite the more common ill-fated living in Harlem, the narrator is a successful man as shown in his occupation and family. However, he is a failure in terms of looking after his brother as his mother had wished before death. On the other hand, Sonny is a musically inclined person who resorted to drugs in order to keep himself from being overwhelmed by the suffering in his surroundings. His contrasting personality from his brother also built the gap and separation between them. Unlike his brother, Sonny was not able effectively cope with his situation that led to his faulty decisions in life. However, all his angsts, angers, and other deep emotions were expressed passionately through his music. Theme The theme of the fictional story revolved around the concept of love between brothers. The narrator and Sonny are brothers who were separated by their differences. However, the meaning of the story tells the readers that no matter how different brothers are, they are obligated to love each other. This can be shown by supporting and understanding each other and seeing through their differences. Brotherly love is also illustrated by not killing the hope that a misguided or misled brother can find his way back, in this case, through Sonnys music. Conflict, Crisis, Resolution The conflict in the story revolved around the narrators doubt about Sonnys capacity for change. Many times over, the narrator did not trust that Sonny can change for the better, hence he did not put much effort in understanding his brother. Even though the narrator did not explicitly show this, Sonny was able to feel the doubt from the narrator and other people around him though he did not express his feelings. The turning point that bridged the gap between the two brothers was when the narrator remembered his promise to his mother to look after his brother. Hence, when Sonny poured out his feelings in his music, the narrator was finally able to understand and accept his brother. Point of View The story is told in the first person through the point of view of the narrator who is a main character in the story. The narrator is the older brother of Sonny who began narrating the story by saying, â€Å"I read about it in the paper, in the subway, on my way to work. I read it, and I couldnt believe it, and I read it again† (Baldwin 1). The use of the first person, I, suggests that the focus of telling the story is through the eyes of the narrator. This means that all revelations and emotions are told to the readers as the narrator perceives them from other characters. Works Cited Baldwin, James. â€Å"Sonnys Blues†. Web. 6 July 2010

Production of Lightweight Concrete Decorative Tiles

Production of Lightweight Concrete Decorative Tiles 1.2 Aim To produce the lightweight concrete decorative tiles by using waste materials with different attractive colour and pattern. 1.3 Objectives To achieve the properties of lightweight concrete decorative tiles. To assess the purpose and advantages of lightweight concrete decorative tiles. Design mix of the decorative tiles by different ratio with waste materials. 1.4 Problem statement Lightweight concrete decorative tiles are very common use nowadays. But using waste materials to produce lightweight concrete decorative tiles are still very fresh in our country. 1.5 Scope of study The scope of study for this dissertation is concerned on the lightweight concrete decorative tiles. The purpose for this dissertation is to produce decorative tiles with waste materials . 1.6 Background information Nowadays, building materials become more and more important in construction industry. Concrete has become the most important material for large buildings because it is durable, fire resistant, relatively cheap, and an entire structure can be cast monolithically. Lightweight concrete may be structural concrete that weights slightly less than normal concrete and thus reduces the weight of a structure, or it may be much lighter and used mainly for insulation and sound absorption. It is lighter than the conventional concrete. The use of lightweight concrete blocks has been widely spread across countries. Its advantages are that there is a reduction of dead load, faster building rates in construction and lower haulage and handling costs. Decorative tiles have been with us from the earliest days of human civilization with some of the earliest examples of decorative wall tiles coming from 4000 years ago. Traces of this rich history can be found in the contemporary decorative tiles we find nowadays. Many techniques were used to create pictures, figures and patterns on pieces of tile. These techniques include glazed clay, encaustic or inlaid clay, mosaic stone, mosaic clay tiles, hand painted tiles, carved and formed tiles, sgraffito (scratched tiles), metallic overlays and transfer printing. These same methods are all used to make decorative tiles today. These are very similar to the pieces made by ancient tilemakers. In fact art tiles as theyre known in the industry, have become the fastest growing trend in tile design and are as coveted my 21st century designers and customers as they were prized by our ancestors. 1.7 Methodology Stage 1 : Literature review This study will review the relevant literature on the lightweight concrete brick and also clay brick. In order to achieve the entire objective, a systematic literature review shall be conducted which will cover reference book in library, institutional and statutory publication, periodicals and trade/academic journals and so on. A research of the relevant information including an internet searching conduct in order to find out the properties of lightweight concrete brick and clay brick. The entire information search from Internet will keep us informed of the future and presence data. Stage 2 : Pilot study Date collection will take the form of a structured postal questionnaire. However, an initial pilot study will be conducted to test the validity of the questionnaire through in depth test at laboratory. Stage 3 : Testing at laboratory The feedback from pilot study should assist in laboratory experiment . Testing the material that related to my research. Stage 4 : Analysing the experiment result The analysis of the experiment result will take two forms. First is do a comparison with table form. Second is do a result proposal then just do a table and list out the differences between two materials. Stage 5 : Writing the research report This stage involved writing up the content of the dissertation and should cover the chapters proposed in the following section. 1.8 Proposed structure of the dissertation Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Literature review Chapter 3 Research design and methodology Chapter 4 Analysis of the results and discussion Chapter 5 Conclusion and further study evidence CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 What is Lightweight Concrete Decorative Tiles ? 2.1.1 Definition of Lightweight Concrete Jeffrey Girard (2006) states that ‘lightweight concrete mixes are commonly used in the construction industry where weight savings is an important factor. One of the most common uses for lightweight concrete is with floor, roof or bridge decks; others include pavement systems, masonry blocks and offshore oil structures. Lightweight concrete is made by replacing some or all of the normal weight aggregate with lightweight aggregate. Often the coarse fraction is replaced with lightweight aggregate and the fines are normal weight sand. Mat Lazim Zakaria (1978) states that ‘lightweight concrete can be defined as a type of concrete which includes an expanding agent in that it increases the volume of the mixture while giving additional qualities such as nailibility and lessened the dead weight. Mohd Roji Samidi (1997) written that ‘lightweight concrete is lighter than the conventional concrete with a dry density of 300 kg/m3 up to 1840 kg/m3; 87 to 23% lighter. It was first introduced by the Romans in the second century where ‘The Pantheon has been constructed using pumice, the most common type of aggregate used in that particular year. Lightweight are commonly use when weight saving is the important factor such as using in floor, wall, bridge decks or roof. Usually it is made by replacing lightweight aggregate rather than normal weight aggregate to produce lighter in weight and the sand will be remain the same. It also can be made by adding some admixture or expanding agent to increase the volume of the mixture. It will lessen the weight of the concrete. Lightweight concrete can be made to lighter than the conventional concrete up to 23 to 87% still the most common type of lightweight concrete will be replacing the normal aggregate by lightweight aggregate. 2.1.2 History of Decorative Tiles  · Decorative tile has been around since the beginning of recorded history. In fact, some of the earliest records were created on tile that was carved, fired and then preserved in the libraries of kings. Even the glazing of tile has long been practiced, seen in archaeological finds such as the Ishtar Gate of Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar II (dating to around 575 BC). Tiles were used in mosaics throughout Greece and Italy, often depicting intricate scenes of religious and cultural value. Roman baths were often decorated in tile mosaics, some of which still survive. Early use of decorative tiles was a privilege that was restricted to the upper class and the clergy. The use of ceramic tile became more widespread in Europe during the Middle Ages. Italy was a major producer of such tile, and still is today. Tiles used in cathedrals throughout Europe can still be seen today, a testament to their durability. 2.2 Waste Materials Papercrete Papercrete is a building material comprised of a mixture of Portland cement and recycled paper fiber (a light-weight, insulating concrete) . The maximum insulating value is obtained when the dry matrix includes the greatest density of air pockets. High strength is obtained when the paper fiber is thoroughly coated by the portland cement. Papercrete is mixed with Portland cement to obtain an excellent sound absorption quality, to be flame/fungus retardant, and bug/rodent resistant. Since it is relatively light , it is potentially an ideal material for earthquake-prone areas. It can be used in many ways as blocks, panels, poured in place, used like igloo blocks to make a self-standing dome or applied over a framework to make a roof or dome. 2.3 Properties of Lightweight Concrete Decorative Tiles 2.3.1 Compressive Strength For compressive strength, the performance of lightweight concrete is controlled on lightweight aggregates. Two factors enter into the strength of lightweight concrete are the strength of the aggregates and the strength of the hardened cement-water paste. Among the various types of lightweight aggregate, there are large differences in strength and toughness, and all but the strongest lightweight aggregates are likely to be weaker than hardened cement-water pastes within the usual range of cement contents. (American Society for Testing and Materials,1956 pp.241) As the general rule, the strength of a lightweight concrete will be less than that of a concrete of equal cement content but containing aggregates of normal weight. Also, with a given cement content, the lower the strength of the lightweight aggregates the lower will be the strength of the lightweight concrete. (American Society for Testing and Materials,1956 pp.241) In the truth, lightweight aggregate concrete does not have good compressive strength as the density is low. The strongest of the lightweight aggregate concrete is still weaker than the cement paste. The lower the strength of lightweight aggregate, the lower the strength of lightweight concrete. The benefit for lightweight concrete is light in weight, good in insulation and fire resistance. 2.3.2 Sound Insulation and Absorption Lightweight concrete is a perfect impact and air-borne sound absorbing concrete and thus is highly suitable for partition walls and floor screeds or foundations. The air-borne or air contain in the lightweight concrete has better sound absorption. When there is better sound absorption, the better for the sound insulation. It is suitable to use for partition walls and floors which require better sound insulation. 2.3.3 Fire Resistance Lightweight concrete has a better fire resistance than concrete consisting of normal aggregates, because of its lower heat conductivity, and its lower rate of strength loss with rise in temperature . Lightweight concrete has better fire resistance than conventional concrete because it has lower heat conductivity. When the temperature of the lightweight concrete rise, it does not expand quickly like conventional concrete as the density of lightweight concrete is lower. As a result, the lower rate of strength loss will be for the lightweight concrete. It is to prevent the fire spread faster to cause more injuries or losses. If the fire spread one room to another room, the victims in a fire may not able to escape. It is why the covering elements should be better fire resistance. 2.4 Purpose of Decorative Tiles Decorative tiles can be used in a variety of places around the home and in many different ways. While most people think of floor tiling, there are many other places that can be given a fresh look with tiles. They can also be used on kitchen counters, walls and in bathrooms.   Tiles can be great to put on walls behind kitchen and bathroom sinks or around bathtubs as backsplashes. Using tiles as borders around rooms is an effective way of creating a new look. Replacing an old floor with new tiles can create a floor that is easy to care for and doubles as a piece of  art. Decorative tiles can also be used on an individual basis. Tiles that are decorated with a single scene or picture can double as wall art. A few plain tiles and decorating them by hand is a great way to create one-of-a-kind art, specially tailored to an individual room. 2.5 Advantages and Disadvantages of Lightweight Concrete Table below shows the advantages and disadvantages of using lightweight concrete as structure . Advantages Disadvantages rapid and relatively simple construction Economical in terms of transportation as well as reduction in manpower Significant reduction of overall weight results in saving structural frames, footing or piles Most of lightweight concrete have better nailing and sawing properties than heavier and stronger conventional concrete Very sensitive with water content in the mixtures Difficult to place and finish because of the porosity and angularity of the aggregate. In some mixes the cement mortar may separate the aggregate and float towards the surface Mixing time is longer than conventional concrete to assure proper mixing Table 2 : Advantages and Disadvantages of Lightweight Concrete Source : (Mohd Roji Samidi,1997) 2.6 Benefit of Using Lightweight Concrete Decorative Tile Replacing old wallpaper and flooring with decorative tiles can create a whole new look for a room, without dipping too far into the budget. While it is not uncommon to do a whole floor or wall in tile, they can also be used as accent pieces and borders. Decorative tiles are durable and easy to clean. Weathering tiles, specifically made for outdoor use, can be not only extremely resistant to the elements, but a good source of insulation as well. 2.6.1 Weight Reduction Reduced dead load of wet concrete allows longer span to be poured unpropped. This save both labour and circle time for each floor. Reduces the dead weight of a structure from 1/3 to  ½ the weight of normal concrete. 2.6.2 Thermal insulation A less obvious but nonetheless important characteristics of lightweight concrete is its relatively low thermal conductivity, a property which improves with decreasing density in recent years, with the increasing cost and scarcity of energy sources, more attention has been given the formerly to the need for reducing fuel consumption while maintaining, and indeed improving, comfort conditions buildings. The point is illustrated by fact that a 125mm thick solid wall of aerated concrete will give thermal insulation about four times greater than that of a 230mm clay brick wall. 2.6.3 Fire Resistance A 13 to 15 cm (5-6 inch) thick wall made of 1,100 kg/m3 density lightweight concrete has a fire endurance of 5-7 hours. The same degree of endurance is achievable with a 400 kg/m3 density lightweight concrete that is only l0 cm thick. Lightweight concrete is non-combustible, and the air embedded in lightweight concrete attributes to the high fire-rating. 2.6.4 Sound Insulation Lightweight concrete is a perfect impact and air-borne sound absorbing concrete and thus is highly suitable for partition walls and floor screeds or foundations. 2.6.5 Savings in Material A reduction in dead weight contributes substantially to savings in reinforcement steel in foundations. Therefore, the overall quantity of steel reinforcement in lightweight concrete can be reduced by as much as 10%. Savings are also substantial in transportation, crane- and man-handling related activities as well as in raw materials, as no gravel is required to produce lightweight concrete, only the sand and cement mortar/paste subsequently embedded in the foam (air). Casting very slender walls can optimize the amount of concrete used, which also results in using a very thin layer of plaster. For certain applications, no plaster is required, and gypsum putty is directly applied before painting. Walls as thin as 50 mm can also be cast. The high flow ability of lightweight concrete makes vibration unnecessary, and thus requires vibrating equipment/accessories. 2.6.6 Savings in Manpower and Cost Only a few semi-skilled workers are needed to produce lightweight concrete for the casting or pouring of panels, blocks, or even complete walls for houses. In producing lightweight concrete, steelworks, formworks, brick laying and cement renderings do not constitute major site activities, and therefore the related workers are not required. Workers are only needed to set up cost saving and reusable formworks, and then to remove them for the next erection or casting. Reduction of dead load, faster building rates and lower haulage and handling costs. The eight of the building in term of the loads transmitted by the foundations is an important factor in design, particular for the case of tall buildings. The use of lightweight concrete has sometimes made it possible to proceed with the design which otherwise would have been abandoned because of excessive weight. In frame structures, considerable savings in cost can be brought about by using lightweight concrete for the construction floors, partition and external cladding. Most  building materials  such as clay bricks the haulage load is limited not by volume but by weight. With suitable design containers much larger volumes of lightweight concrete can haul economically. Worker can work faster and better, there should be a reduction in labour cost. This can account for up to 80% of the finished cost. Therefore, handling costs may be lower as well. 2.6.7 Life span of Lightweight Concrete Lightweight concrete has a life-time span (minimum 100 years). Previous investigation has shown that sectioned blocks of cellular concrete cast 10 years ago indicated only 75 percent of the hydrated Cement. It is expected that the strength would continue to increase with continuing hydration. The use of lightweight concrete in many cases has eliminated the use of products like clay bricks, conventional concrete blocks and other insulation materials. 2.7 Design Mix of The Decorative Tiles 2.7.1 Papercrete Formulas – Papercrete (Anon., 2010) provided that ‘But a typical starting formula for a 200-gallon batch is 160 gallons (727 liters) of water, 60 pounds (27 kilograms) of paper, 1 bag or 94 pounds (43 kilograms) of Portland cement and 15 shovelfuls or 65 pounds (29 kilograms) of sand. The sand adds thermal mass, reduces flammability and shrinkage, and packs down the slurry for a denser, stronger block. This is a mixing formula for a 200 gallon batch papercrete. It needed 727 liters of water, 27 kilograms of paper, 43 kilograms of cement and 29 kilograms of sand. The purpose of the sand is to reduce flammability and shrinkage of the papercrete. It also packs down the slurry denser and stronger. 2.7.2 Proportion of Design mix In this project I will produce few samples of design mix for papercrete such as lime, cement and paper sludge mix or cement and paper sludge mix or lime and paper sludge mix. These are to find out which design mix is the most suitable to produce a lightweight concrete decorative tiles. The design mix should able to last longer with its properties.

An Analysis of Starbucks Essay -- Business Management SWOT

An Analysis of Starbucks Company History Starbucks was opened its first coffee company in Seattle’s Pike place Market on 1971. The name was taken from the first mate in Herman Melville’s Moby Dick (Company Profile, 2005). Products Beverages: Brewed coffees, Italian-style espresso, cold blended beverages, roasted whole bean coffees, tea products, fruit juice, sodas, and coffee liqueur. Food: Sandwich, Salads, pastries and ice creams. Non food items: Mugs, Travel tumblers, coffeemakers, coffee grinders, storage containers, compact discs, games, seasonal novelty items, Starbucks card, media bar. International Business Development In order to achieve Starbucks mission to be a global company, the development strategy that Starbucks implemented to adapt with variety market and local need are: joint ventures, licenses and company owned operation (Starbucks Corporation, 2005). There are 4,666 Starbucks stores which are operated and 2,222 are licensed operation in US which are spread out in 50 states. For the international location, StarbucksÂ’ store can be found in 34 countries outside of the United States and 1,049 stores are company owned operated in Australia, Canada, China, Germany, Singapore, Thailand and the U.K. and 1,734 are joint ventures and licensed operation (Company Fact Sheet, 2005). Starbucks goes International 1996 Starbucks open in Tokyo, Japan. Nowadays, there are more than 500 retails shops in Japan. Furthermore, Starbucks also open in Hawaii and Singapore. 1997 Starbucks open in Philippines 1998 Starbucks open in U.K., Taiwan, Thailand, New Zealand and Malaysia. 1999 Starbucks open in Beijing, Kuwait, South Korea and Lebanon. 2000 Starbucks open in United... ...rieved http://www.euromonitor.com/article.asp?id=5341&print=true Miller M, P. (July-August 2004). Quick Service Hits China. The China Business Review. Retrieved August 19, 2005, from Business Source Premium database Chris B. (2004), â€Å"Chinese wake up and smell the coffee†, Retrieved fromhttp://web4.epnet.com/citation.asp. Gray J. (2005), â€Å"Economy of China†, International Economy Investigation Institution, China, Retrieved http://www.economywatch.com/world_economy/china/. Hope L. (2004), â€Å"Coffee brews a future in China†, Retrieved http://www.itmonline.org/arts/coffee.htm Kristen M. B. (2005), â€Å"Starbucks Adjusts Its Formula in China†, Retrieved http://web4.epnet.com/citation.asp. Linda Q. (2004), â€Å"Strategic Analysis for Best Coffee in China†, Faculty of Business Administration, Guangdong University, Retrieved http://web4.epnet.com/citation.asp

Doctors Who Practice Euthanasia Should be Executed :: Euthanasia Physician Assisted Suicide

Doctors the Practice Euthanasia Should be Executed An eighty-seven year old grandmother on a respirator, a newborn child with AIDS, a teacher past her prime, and a father in a coma; all put to death by respectable doctors with the O.K. of their families. But is it really a ggod thing? Euthanasia, or doctor-assisted suicide, has become as common as jumping off of a fifteen story building or taking a gun to one1s own head. Certainly society frowns upon suicide, but yet putting an old lady or a man in a coma to death is being accepted every day. Society knows that suicide is bad, but euthanasia is even worse. The guilt and blame of a lost life is falling on the hands of doctor1s that we are supposed to trust, and even worse, the family members themselves. A doctor is to be known as a healer, not an agent of death. A family is supposed to love and support, not kill and inherit. Every person makes the light of the world brighter. The world needs everyone1s power and contribution. It1s the power and energy of the elderly, and the strength and will of the ill, that give the world life. The light has become very dim with the crime and corruption in today1s world, we can1t afford to throw lives away because some think they1re meaningless. If we continue to accept the merciless killings and suicides of the helpless but powerful, the light will soon burn out. There will be no energy in the world. Euthanasia and doctor-assisted suicide should not be accepted or allowed by the government and people of the United States. Statistics show that seventy-three percent of the U.S. population approved of some form of euthanasia. This is used constantly in debates to pass laws for making euthanasia legal. But the people are deceived by this number. When the poll was taken, the people were asked if they approved of "some form" of euthanasia. There are two forms of euthanasia, active and passive. It is the passive euthanasia that many people are accepting, the less harsh of the two. That's why people generally say they approve of it. If a separate question was asked or the people were informed of the

Pride and Prejudice Essay: The Character of Elizabeth -- Pride and Pre

The Character of Elizabeth in Pride and Prejudice       In her novel, Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen portrays Elizabeth Bennet as "strong and intelligent, yet bewitching in a completely feminine way". Elizabeth's possession of these attributes: strength of character and moral integrity, great intelligence, and an attractive personality, make her an admirable person. Yet Elizabeth has faults, which makes her more human. Austen's portrayal of Elizabeth is realistic and masterful, often juxtaposing her with characters lacking her attributes to heighten our appreciation of her. The claim that Elizabeth is strong is indisputable. The strength of her personal integrity is highly evident in her refusal of Darcy's first marriage proposal. At the time, she believed Darcy to be arrogant and selfish, based on Wickham's account of Darcy's disgraceful behaviour towards him. She was also furious with him for ruining Jane's chance of happiness (through marrying Bingley). Yet, it would have been prudent for her, a girl with only  £1,000 and 4% interest annually from it, to marry Darcy, whose estate is worth  £10,000 a year. She never wavers, though -- "her intentions did not vary for an instant". The strength of her convictions and loyalty towards her sister made her reject his offer, and with it, probably all possibility of her every marrying "well" and securing a comfortable future. Also, she was not intimidated by Darcy's wealth and high social status, daring to tell him exactly what she thought of him and to risk his anger by offending him -- "You could not hav e made me the offer of your hand in any possible way that would have tempted me to accept it." It is very clear that Elizabeth's principles are uncompromisable. Elizabeth ... ...on & Company, 1966. 374-388. Litz, A. Walton, Jane Austen: A Study of Her Artistic Development. Oxford University Press, 1965, p. 198. Moler, Kenneth. Pride and Prejudice: A Study in Artistic Economy. Boston, MA: Twayne Publishers, 1989. Mullane, Janet & Wilson, Robert Thomas, Nineteenth-Century Literature Criticism. Detroit, MI: Gale Research Inc., 1988, Vol. 19, pp. 2, 4-8, 14, 17, 32, 42, 55-6, 58, and 66-7. "A Review of 'Pride and Prejudice,'" Critical Review, Vol. 3, No. 3, March, 1813, pp. 318-24. Southam, B.C., (ed.), Jane Austen: The Critical Heritage. Landon, NY: Routledge & Kegan Paul - Barres & Nobel Inc., 1968. Weldon, Fay. Readings on Jane Austen Taplinger Publishing Co. Inc, 1984 in. Ed. Wright, Andrew H. "Feeling and Complexity in Pride and Prejudice." Ed. Donald Gray. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1966. 410-420.   

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Ch. 20 -Practice 1. If M = the money supply; Y = real output, P = the price level, and V = velocity, which of the following equals the velocity of money? A. (Y x M)/P B. (P x M)/Y C. (P x Y)/M D. (P x Y) +M 2. If the equation of exchange is MV = PY the Y represents:Â   A. Nominal GDP B. Real GDP C. Potential output D. Economic growth 3. According to the equation of exchange, if real output and the money supply stay the same and the price level increases:Â   A. The velocity of money has to increase B. The velocity of money has to decrease C. The real GDP had to rise D.Nominal GDP remains constant 4. Which of the following expresses the equation of exchange? A. MY = PV B. MV = Y C. MV = PY D. MP = VY 5. Using the equation of exchange, if inflation is 1. 5%, real output grows by 3. 0%, and the growth rate of money is 5. 0%, the change in the velocity of money is:Â   A. Zero; velocity is constant B. -0. 5% C. +4. 5% D. +0. 5% 6. Using the equation of exchange, if real GDP increases by 3. 0%, the velocity of money grows by 1. 0% and the growth rate of money is 3. 0%; what is the rate of inflation? A. +1. 0% B. It is constant or a 0% change C.It is the same as the growth rate of money, or 3. 0% D. -1. 0% 7. Using the equation of exchange, if inflation is 1%, the velocity of money grows by 1. 0% and the growth rate of money is 3. 0%; what is real growth? A. +3. 0% B. 1% C. 4. 0% D. -1. 0% 8. If velocity of money is constant; real growth in the output of the economy is +2. 5%; and inflation is 2. 0%; what is the growth rate of money? Here we can employ the percentage change form of the equation of exchange where: %M + %V = %P + %Y. Inserting the known values and solving for the %M we obtain: %M + 0 = 2. 0 + 2. or %M = 4. 5. 9. The CPI is a commonly used and closely watched measure of inflation. However, it has limitations. What are they? Economists maintain that the CPI, which is a common measure of inflation, overstates the true rate of inflation by about one perce ntage point per year. This is primarily due to the fact that the CPI is measured using a fixed basket of goods. The bias in the CPI arises from several sources. First, consumers' buying patterns change, and in particular, consumers can substitute away from higher priced goods towards less expensive substitutes.A second source of bias arises from the fact that quality improvements are not always adjusted for, so what looks like a higher price may simply be an improvement in quality. 10. Assuming a constant nominal GDP, would the velocity of M1 equal the velocity of M2? Explain. No, the velocity of M1 would be greater than the velocity of M2. The formula for velocity is nominal GDP/M. Given a constant numerator and the fact that M2 ; M1 the velocity of M1 has to exceed the velocity of M2.

Analysis of Graphic Design Essay

Art is a form of expression that dates back to the beginning of time. Since then it has evolved and changed to adapt to modern times. Whether that be through a shift in style, in medium, or technology. Graphic design, contrary to popular belief, actually began in 1922, to define graphic art across time. Since the introduction of the modern computer and graphic design software, it has evolved into an n art style that is present everywhere in the modern world. Graphic design has many different styles just as normal art does, ranging from the minimalism of Apple, to the typographic nature of many modern advertisements. Graphic design isn’t just a form of art anymore, but it rather is a medium through which much of our life is defined. To understand the concept of graphic design, you must first analyze graphic design in the modern world, the techniques used, and finally the different mediums available to achieve high quality art. In 1976 Ronald Wayne designed the very first Apple Computer Co. logo. This logo depicted Isaac Newtown sitting under a tree to reflect the revolutionary nature of this. However, Wayne’s design wasn’t appreciated by many, and thus did not gain much popularity. In less than a year, Steve Jobs commissioned Rob Janoff, one of the most famous graphic designers ever, to design the new Apple logo, a rainbow silhouette of an apple. This reflected the idealistic nature of the computers and also showed the powerful aspect that the computers hold with the ability to process so many different colors. In 1998 however, the Apple logo changed its colorful nature to a monochromatic look reflecting the modern nature of the world, not to mention the contrast between the color schemes of the gray computers with monochrome logos. (Davis â€Å"Evolution and History of the Apple Logo†) Graphic design has not just revolutionized logo design, but has also revolutionized other aspects of life, such as infamous cartoons. Before the inception of modern graphic design, cartoon artists have to hand draw their cartoons, and often resulted in many mistakes and rough looking images. With the inception of graphic design, cartoon art has shifted from being simple and childish, to being extravagant and mature. The TV shows Avatar the Last Airbender is one of the key examples of this. The art on this reflects many aspects of our own history. Such as East-Asian, Inuit, Indian and south-American cultures. The show has won many awards, many of them being for the concentration on art and the superior quality of it (DiMartino â€Å"Avatar the Last Airbender: The Art of the Animated series†) Before modern graphic design, artists often worked for wealthy businesses and could not afford to work on their own. Walt Disney founded The Walt Disney Company under this premise, and hired many artists to work for him. Now the Walt Disney Company is one of the biggest and most well-known companies in the world, and the shift from old styles of art to modern graphic design has changed it completely. Now movies and TV shows can be produced in a matter of days with the proper team, rather than in the olden ages where it took many months if not years to produce the art for a movie. This modern graphic design, like any other art styles holds a battery of techniques associated with it, as these techniques provide methods to convey the idea, or message. One of the simplest techniques that can be used is the simple modification of contrast. High contrast lines make it easier for the read to determine the difference between different sections of the page. Joost de Valk, the graphic artist behind yoast. om, uses this technique quite extensively as seen on their homepage (yoast. com). Other sites such as wordpress. com also use this technique, most famously in their â€Å"download† button, to make the deep orange button stand out amongst the calm palette of blues and grays. Through the usage of contrast, attention is drawn to contrasting items, and thus the reader’s focus is diverted to certain topics. Most contrasts however work directly with gradients. The site Media Temple uses an extensive amount of gradients, mainly to illustrate the modern attitude of their site. These gradients are however, subtle. The gradients thus emphasize the importance of certain topics, by placing lighter colors at the bottom and darker at the top, the object is seen to be progressing through time in essence. There however exists a variety of gradients. Gradients can be radial gradients (circular eminations), vertical linear fade, horizontal linear fade, horizontal radial fade, vertical radial fade and just simple linear fade. These different designs all work hand in hand to create direction on the page. By creating direction on the page, certain topics can be emphasized and others can be dismissed. The key flaw that many new designers face in regards to gradients is the flow of the gradients. If too many gradients are placed on a page or the gradients contrast, then the gradients will seem amateur and will detract from the quality of the website. Gradients must however be in accordance with color schemes. Certain colors work well together, while others tend to be a nuisance. Take for example the design of the Los Angeles Lakers logo. They utilize the colors of gold and purple, both of which are opposite one another on the color wheel. Thus these colors, through contrast, in fact bring out the overall appearance of the team. Then examine the logo that Lasko fans uses. Their color scheme is a simple brown and yellow, and yet this color scheme makes their logo appear dull and overused. Lasko fans, and LA Lakers both have the same potential for superior logo quality, but because of color selection, the LA Lakers hold more graphic quality in regards to their respective logos than does Lasko fans†¦ Cohen â€Å"Evolution of NBA Team Logos†,). Gradients, contrast and color are the three most basic techniques used in graphic art, and can define a work as either superior, or amateur. All three of these concepts work together to create the concept of â€Å"visual identity†. Visual identity is a term coined by Abduzeedo (world renown Brazilian graphic designer), meaning simply the â€Å"definitive element within the design process used across all applications and branding materials†. As discussed above this could be as simple as the apple logo, or even as complex as a stamp. Most large organizations have a visual identity, even the US Government does. The visual identity of the US Government for example could be the American flag, or the bald eagle, as this is present throughout their entire brand line. During 2008, President Obama used the concept of the visual identity, but took it one step further and used the â€Å"verbal identity†. He associated the word â€Å"change† with his campaign so that this would become an integral part of it. By utilizing the word change he essentially created a memorable center point for his campaign messages by which people could remember and associate with him. Abduzeedo â€Å"The Makery – Visual Identity†) A problem that many graphic artists face is a problem that much of the world faces: â€Å"why? † Much of graphic art just like modern problems revolves around the question of â€Å"why† and the purpose of art rather than the material it holds. Richard Simkens, a world renowned marketer, identified this concept as the golden circle. (R. Simkens 10) in this golden circle, at the outside is the â€Å"what†. What the company sells or what the art is made up of takes part f this circle. In the middle circle are the â€Å"how† or how the company makes and the process that the designer uses to create the art. At the center and the most important is the â€Å"why† or what the purpose of it is. Great graphic artists such as surrealist Roy Villalobos attempt to analyze and fix this concept. His art philosophy is that he attempts to express his emotions through the usage of metamorphic human figures. By attempting to mix the human physiology with what he perceives to be the emotions he creates a surrealist work of art that holds purpose. Electronic graphic art is what is currently shaping the world. However, to achieve a great success in electronic graphic art, proper software must be used. This software begins with the most simplest of kind: MS Paint. MS Paint, also known as Microsoft Paint, is software that has been bloatware (preinstalled on the pc) for the past decade, and thus has been used by millions worldwide. MS Paint has very basic functions, such as straight lines and shape creation, but it does not have more complex functions such as layering or gradient swatches. Thus, MS Paint is generally dismissed in the professional graphic art world, but it does still hold some value as it provided the foundation for all other graphic art software to stem from. In 2003, Adobe Systems released the Adobe â€Å"Creative Suite†, graphic art software released to the general public. Before this the only way you could graphic design on a personal scale would have been through illegally torrenting company software, purchasing the extremely expensive Photoshop 8 (released in 1989) with a private license or purchasing private licenses on extremely expensive software. The main component of â€Å"Creative Suite† was in fact, Adobe Photoshop CS. Photoshop CS was revolutionary as it provided a cheap, personal level of graphic design in which even the most inexperienced laymen could pick it up and start designing. However, as time went on, Photoshop became more and more complex with the addition of several functions such as â€Å"rasterization† and â€Å"layer masking† or â€Å"layer merging† and thus the accessibility of it degraded as the quality increased. Soon however, it began to replace much professional private graphic software, and now it is the most widely used. Photoshop CS might be compared to the original Photoshop, but it held many differences. Since Photoshop CS could utilize 3d image creation, motion graphics editing and advanced image analysis, it held a much more professional quality of workmanship than the original and thus comparing the original Photoshop to Photoshop CS would be similar in comparing the size of David to Goliath. (â€Å"The history of Photoshop†) Photoshop was not the only software that had image modification capabilities. In 1996, the software GIMP (GNU Image Manipulation Program) was released for Microsoft Windows, OS X and Linux. This software was in essence what many would call a â€Å"knockoff of Photoshop†, but these individuals were wrong. Although it had all of the same functions as Photoshop, GIMP was revolutionary. It was free first off, so individuals did not have to go out to the store and buy a one hundred dollar cd that they then would have to install. This led to a wider demographic using this, including individuals from around the world, thus allowing greater cultural exchange through graphic art. However, the more important aspect of GIMP would be that it was open source. By being open source, it meant that anyone could take the source code or program of GIMP and modify it to fit their own needs, or even the needs of a specific task. So when new images such as GIF and MPEG came out, GIMP was the first one to be modified to suit their needs. Although GIMP can be considered the little brother of Photoshop, the one who always imitates what Photoshop does, GIMP is infect the innovative little brother of Photoshop. â€Å"A Brief History of GIMP† gimp. org). Graphic art is something that a small proportion of individuals understand to a limited extent, and even fewer understand to mastery. Graphic design is shaping the modern world at the same rate that our media progresses. Through the usage of media and graphic design everything is effected, be it the wallpaper in a hospital waiting room wall, or the logo on a billboard in New Jersey. Graphic art hasn’t revolutionized the world, but rather is constantly in accordance with the progression of the world.

Character of Crooks in “Of mice and men” Essay

Throughout the novel â€Å"Of Mice and Men† Steinbeck presents Crook as being lonely, intelligent and hopeless. He is in a minority group and is discriminated against because he represents the black community in 1930’s America. Indeed, it is because of this discrimination that Crooks attempts to draw whatever limited amount of power he can from his surroundings. â€Å"Well I gotta right to have a light†. This implies Crooks is defensive and maybe isn’t allowed the things he wants or needs, or the things he see that other people have. He also has a â€Å"shot gun† and a â€Å"Californian civil code â€Å". These things suggest that Crooks is physically weak and has to have protection and the law to feel power against others. â€Å"Don’t be coming in a place you’re not wanted .â€Å" This quote suggests that Crooks doesn’t want anybody coming in his room, during that time racism was strong and Crook’s has to live on his own, he doesn’t have power over a lot of things so for him to be able to have his own room he will that power over people. Crooks’ desire to exercise power over Lennie may be a result of discrimination he has suffered from in his life. â€Å"The white kids come to play†¦. My ol man didn’t like that†. This shows like most kids they are naive and therefore Crooks’ didn’t understand why his father (â€Å"ol’ man†) didn’t like him playing with the white kids. Crook’s experience of racial conflict and discrimination throughout his life teaches him why his father didn’t want him to play with them. â€Å" I can’t play coz I’m black† this quote is another example of the way society was in the 1930s and how racism was ok it also links to the theme lonely because it shows that nobody wants to be near Crooks’ or do anything with him. Crooks’ lack of social status means he does not only suffer from discrimination from the men on the ranch but also Curley’s wife. Crooks says â€Å"maybe you better go along to your own house now we don’t want no trouble† by what he is saying implies that if they are caught with or talking to her there would be trouble, and that she is dangerous to them. And one point in the novel Curley’s wife is really vindictive towards Crooks and says â€Å"well you better keep your place then nigger, I could get your strung up on a tree so easily it aint even funny.’ Crooks’ is like prey in this society and is at a disadvantage because he is black. Candy’s wife threatens him by saying she could get him killed and  could do this because she is white. This comment instantly makes Crooks silent and returns him back to his social standpoint by responding to Curley’s wife buy saying â€Å"yes, ma’am in a toneless voice. Crooks’ also attempts to exert power over Lennie in his shack although with limited success. â€Å"Crooks face lit up with the pleasure of his torture.† This may be the first time in Crooks’ life when he has more power than another human being. Lennie panics and struggles to understand, this allows Crooks to exert more control. Lennie’s mentally disabled and is used to discrimination and violence as were black people but because of Lennie’s lack of understanding it allows Crooks to wield power over him and he enjoys it. Crooks’ says â€Å"it’s just being with another guy that’s all†. This shows that Crooks’ believes that it does not matter what you say to some on it’s that you say something. He’s a very lonely person due to the fact he never has anyone to talk to. Crooks is saying having company is what matters, there’s no need to be choosy about the company itself. This shows his desperation after being isolated for so long. Crooks’ is shown to be a bitter man who sees others dreams as futile. â€Å"Nobody gets to heaven†. Crooks believes that the dream is impossible and has no hope for anybody moving past there social class and becoming rich. He mentions that tons of men have come through the ranch and said that they were going to get some land but it never works out for them so it leads to Crooks thinking the dream is completely unachievable. After Lennie and candy go one about how they will get the land and how there’s no stopping them and they seem so sure about it, Crooks says â€Å"if you guys need a hand I could come and lend it†. Crook’s stops being so negative for a moment and starts to believe in the dream. He feels so comfortable with Lennie and Candy that he forgets his place in that society, but after Curley’s wife leaves he says â€Å"forget about it just foolin. I wouldn want to go no place like that†. Crooks’ has seen all the trouble that people cause when they get together and he has decided he doesn’t want any part of it and thinks that the farm shared by three men would become to chaotic and that George would become tired of responsibility.

Garrett Morgan

Seems like the flowers blossom and the skies full of joy, Garrett, oh young Garrett, are you also full of joy? Born in downtown, hated by rotten white neighbors, Who in his young mind would color in corps? He walked in the path of color, Did not taste a new kind of flavor, Wrapped in a slim black coat, Seems like living in a moat. You are like an ant, traveling in many ways, Guided not by the contours of the great minds, But the sting of a many a scorpions’ tongues, Such a scorpion is a man, lying in another man’s arms.He speaks of books, but could not fathom such, He tells of nails and numbers, but hunger enters, How long will his pain matters, So long as the heart beats and beaten. Now comes a group of his mates, Black birds flying in white rotten sky, How long shall they remain in their smile shy? The fruits of mouth are very sharp. Now Garrett is turned into a dove, Putting white color in his black skin hove, He remarks, â€Å"I will be in their hove. † But f rustrated as he is, failed and shoved. Crying and heaving heart feelings, He trembles in distaste hangings,Came a man of fancy bringing, Offers him a bead of woven linen. Alas, I came to save you from the bondages of your own misery! The tunnels are empty and danger woven, I bring light to thee, I act on the premise of my wrath, I tremble on the problems of others’ hat, I smile on the mask’s facade, The gas saves and saving. The roads are jammed and blurry, But I bring order and merry. At last, I’m in the annals of history. This poem is generally about a poor black boy (Garrett Morgan- child of former slaves) who wanted to become a member of the white society.Born into a poor family, he strove hard to be accepted by the society. Because of poverty, he stopped studying. All he could do now was imitate the fashion of the white society. The first step was to become â€Å"white† in the sense of changing the color of her skin. He failed miserably, noting that even if his skin changes, his identity will remain black, his ancestry will remain black. However, his status in society did not prevent him from making accomplishments. He invented the traffic lights and military gas mask: one of the symbols of modern society.

Why has the South Beach Diet been successful?

It is said that the success of dieters in weight loss supported by the South Beach Diet, is totally caused by the science behind the plan. If you interest in South Beach Diet, you can realize that it is a logical, and also healthy method which help you lose weight effectively. Certainly, you want to know how it works. Simply, let talk about what the basics of metabolism is. It is indicated by a series of processes when food is turned into fuel for the body. If these processes are optimzed, you are able to lose weight easily. Moreover, metabolism is affected negatively when the blood glucose levels are high.The only way to stabilize high blood glucose levels is to increase the production of insulin. If not, you are able to catch diabetes. There are three phases in The South Beach Diet. It takes two weeks for the first phase. The main task is to remove carbohydrates, level blood glucose, as well as fire up your metabolism. Time for weighting loss is down when you reduce your high sugar levels. By removing an entire food group, you’ll do this easily. However, if you use this method for long periods, you’ll probably feel unhealthy. It’s useful for short periods ( two weeks only ).The phase 2 is began with the improvement of your metabolic function evidently. At that time, you can enjoy progressively foods from all of the basic food groups came from South Beach Diet. Unless your goal weight is over, the progress will still be continued. Certainly, you need these kind of food groups to have a good health too. You also learn how to choose foods better to optimize metabolism positively ( without having high glucose levels ) . About South Beach Diet, you’ll easily recognize the the difference between †bad carbohydrates† and â€Å"good carbohydrates†.Apart from, the concepts of â€Å"good fats† and â€Å"bad fats† are also discovered by the dieter. Obviously, the foodstuffs which have lower numbers on the Glyce mic Index are good. In short, The South Beach Diet give you a chance to lose weight quicly as well as effectively. Moreover, it still helps you to maintain this for the long term. Beginning with the metabolism in Phase One and increasing foods from all of the basic food groups progressively in Phase Two, you’ll be able to recoginze the different clearly. That’s all what The South Beach Diet works for us.

Slavery History Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Slavery History - Research Paper Example One of the major similarities among the lives of the two women was that both emerged successfully from dark shadows of slavery and managed to attain and play leadership roles. Sojourner Truth and Harriet Tubman had deep faith in god’s power to prevent them from going astray and to protect them from danger. Moreover, both women realized the importance and influence of music and considered it an effective means of communication. Both women were well known for the fact that they strongly believed in their premonitions and acted upon them with sheer determination. Extensive biographies have been written on both Sojourner Truth and Harriet Tubman and they have also been commemorated by the United States Postal service with their individual stamps. Despite similarities, both women were very different with different areas of expertise. Harriet Tubman devoted her life for the escape of slaves by creating safe passages and for this reason she is famously known as ‘Black Moses of the Underground Railroad’. Sojourner Truth was not an active participant in Underground Railroad but reported to be supportive and sympathetic towards it. Sojourner Truth was a civil rights activist who dedicated her life to end slavery, stop women from alcohol consumption (Engerman et al 2001; Igus 1991). Harriet Tubman: Harriet Tubman launched her Civil War years before Fort Sumter’s firing incident took place in the year 1861. Harriet Tubman sustained a head injury at the age of fifteen when she deliberately prevented an overseer from catching an uncooperative slave. She never fully recovered from the injury and suffered from periodic sleeping fits during her entire life. Some historians believe that Tubman started showing defiant behavior as a slave from a very early age. However, her strategic and political consciousness developed during the time she started to fight to claim liberty for her friends and relatives. Due to her strong leadership skills, Harriet Tubma n was able to accomplish successful escape missions from the Eastern Shore. Harriet Tubman was always known to forge close community relationships and establish highly effective support system, which was the reason why she earned the title of ‘Moses of her people’. Massachusetts Governor John Andrew recognized Harriet’s passion and sheer determination to fight for freedom. Therefore John Andrew directed Tubman to travel to South Carolina and support Union war efforts in January 1862. Tubman directly participated in armed conflict and during the process she managed to forge close contacts with many important army officials. Due to her heroic tails of Eastern Shore, Harriet Tubman was highly respected by many soldiers and was regarded as ‘Moses’ among the camp people. Harriet Tubman had close relationships with many prominent white people such as Thomas Wentworth Higginson which served a major reason for her being elected a leader of the freedman. In P ort Royal, Harriet supported the Union activities and in 1862 she joined Northern abolitionists. In Port Royal, Tubman served as a nurse and provided palliative care to soldiers suffering from cholera, dysentery and small pox. Tubman recognized the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 as an important step towards granting liberty from slavery to all Black people.

Hospital Robot Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hospital Robot - Essay Example Robots refer to mechanical agents controlled by computer programs and used in completing tasks. They vary in sizes and used for specific purposes. Used with artificial intelligence the machines can perfume precise functions repeatedly without tiring. In healthcare, several hospitals and health facilities in the United States have begun using robots to aid complicated surgeries (Barker 33). The machines run on specific computer programs and follow instructions as fed to them through the computer. Additionally, they operate alongside humans during the operations thus improving the quality of services. Robots have improved the quality of surgical operations and their continued use in the industry will definitely improve the quality of life by improving effectiveness in hospitals as discussed in the essay below.Robots are cost effectiveUnlike humans, a robot is a capital and an asset bought once by a health facility and can perform several functions throughout the clock. Being machines, robots have minimal requirements provided they are in good condition and accurately programmed. They, therefore, function with minimal supervision thus making the practice less labor intensive.Doctors often tire after detailed operations; this makes the operations precarious as they begin making such mistakes as forgetting some of the equipment in the patients they operate. Additionally, they serve more for their services a feature that makes health services very costly thus unaffordable by many (Ichbiah 11).

Three Cups of Tea by Greg Mortenson and David Oliver Relin Essay

Three Cups of Tea by Greg Mortenson and David Oliver Relin - Essay Example He promises to come back and build a school for the girls (Mortenson 8). The novel reports that villagers and girls are not opposed to seeing their daughters getting the better education. This is because they understand that the key to bringing a positive change to the Muslim religion. This is the reason why they are receptive to Mortenson’s idea of building schools for the Muslim girls. For instance, girls like Tahira, Shakeela, and Jahan who might have played a very little role in their village were it that they had no education, soon became triggers for change in their villages after attending CAI school built for them by Mortenson (Mortenson and Relin 16). In the end, these girls ended up improving the quality of health care, educate women and change the attitudes women. We get to understand that educated girls, unlike the boys who tend to migrate to the city to look for jobs, remain in the villages, thus share the rewards of their education with people around them. Mortenson also understands that the best way to turn these Muslim people from the terrorist act is through education. However, a certain conservative declares Fatwa to frustrate Mortenson’s efforts, with the aim of preventing building schools in the region (Mortenson and Relin 18). The novel reveals that all of Mortenson’s village protagonists are Muslims. However, they lack the authority to arbitrate directly on Mortenson’s behalf. Instead, they opt to petition the â€Å"supreme leader† of the Shia based in northern Pakistan, who immediately declares fatwa inconsistent with Islam. He also offers full support to Mortenson’s project. The conservative leader, in this case, is a representation of those who still leave in the past. These are male chauvinist who does not see any good in women or girls for that matter. For instance, they see that in case a girl gets educated, this will empower them to challenge the men in the society.  Ã‚  

A forest of symbols. How appropriate is this phrase as a description Essay

A forest of symbols. How appropriate is this phrase as a description of Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness - Essay Example Instead, he finds meaning in the outside nature of things, what can be seen and touched and therefore proved. This emphasizes the importance of symbolism in bringing out the meaning of the story as Marlowe, concentrating on the outside, will make finding true meaning difficult at best. However, Marlow’s experience in the Congo has changed him to a man who cannot ignore the deeper meanings of the symbols around him. Like the rest of the story, in which everything seems to be reversed with its opposite or at best misunderstood in its entirety, the opening of the novel depends largely upon symbols as a means of conveying this sense of inner conflict between the nature of a thing and itself. The concepts of inward and outward, civilized and savage and light and dark are recurrent themes throughout the novel, introduced at the novel’s beginning and illustrating how each of these words are actually defined by cultural rather than actual standards. The bulk of the book concentrates on Marlowe’s telling of his adventures on the Congo River as a steamboat captain sent in to find a station master who has gone missing. As he struggles to make his way up the river to the interior where this man is supposed to be waiting for him, Marlowe begins to gain a deeper understanding of what is actually occurring in the forest outside the realm of what he’s been told by the Company. The trip on the Congo serves as a frame for a variety of adventures Marlow experienced as a younger man including encountering abject poverty, the frightening sight of ‘black men’ (never humans) working, chain gangs, uncomfortable station managers and broken down steamer ships. He is exposed to the most self-centered and greed-oriented individuals who appear to view the jungle as their personal treasure chest, to be exploited in any way they see fit, rather

1). Produce a 500 - 600 word account of an incident from your Essay

1). Produce a 500 - 600 word account of an incident from your experience that provides an example, or examples of communication processes. 2). Then write an ess - Essay Example This made Chen a sort of pariah at school, often subjected to ridicule as he did such things as taking off his shoes when entering a room or squatting on the floor even when there are chairs around. No one has exactly told Chen to his face that he was odd, but the snickering behind his back did not escape unnoticed and this made him very insecure and hostile of his surroundings. Chen and I are classmates at one of the courses he is taking and my heart goes out to him every time I see him between classes, alone and looking miserable in a corner but showing no inclination to give himself a social life on campus. Eventually, I decided to talk some sense into him, intending to persuade him that his education in globalization will not be complete if he continued keeping his distance from other people. In the process, I expected a gain a new friend. I saw the opportunity to open the conversation with Chen when I caught his eye one day as he looked up from the book he was reading on a bench at the school playground. This is more or less how I started the conversation: â€Å"All of the school notice that you keep to yourself all the time. We wish to make friends with you to make your stay in this school worthwhile; don’t you want us to be your friends, too? From the school records, I understand that you’re studying here because of a long-term goal to make good in international business. That kind of business pursuit requires that you be good at dealing with all kinds of people, you know.† After some hesitation, Chen bowed and responded: â€Å"All of you seem to be nice people, but I didn’t come here to socialize, sorry. And we Chinese deal with people our own way.† He ended the conversation then and there, indicating that I failed to communicate my intended message to him. The way the conversation turned out, I made a new enemy instead of gaining a friend. In retrospect, I realize that my choice of language and approach was at fault since I sounded